How severe is CVE-2021-45416?

CVE-2021-45416 has a CVSS score of 6.1/10, rated MEDIUM. Review your exposure and patch according to your risk tolerance.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2021-45416?

CVE-2021-45416 affects the following packages: francoisjacquet/rosariosis (Packagist). Ecosystems affected: Packagist.

How do I fix CVE-2021-45416?

Update francoisjacquet/rosariosis to 8.3 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2021-45416 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2021-45416 in my Packagist dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for francoisjacquet/rosariosis, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2021-45416 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Escape or sanitise the affected output on the server side rather than relying on client-side filtering, and add a Content-Security-Policy that blocks inline script execution so injected markup cannot run even if it reaches the page.

Is CVE-2021-45416 actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. There are 1 known exploit references for CVE-2021-45416, including 1 in-the-wild exploitation observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2021-45416?

CVE-2021-45416 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 2.3%, placing it in the 83th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2021-45416?

CVE-2021-45416 is classified as Cross-site Scripting (XSS) (CWE-79). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

When was CVE-2021-45416 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2021-45416 was published on February 1, 2022 and was last updated on July 15, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

🐘

🐘 Packagist

Not in CISA KEV

MEDIUM severity

CVE-2021-45416 — rosariosis

MEDIUM

CVE-2021-45416 is a medium-severity (CVSS 6.1) Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in francoisjacquet/rosariosis. 1 public exploit reference exists, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for francoisjacquet/rosariosis — see the affected versions and patch details below.

RosarioSIS XSS Vulnerability

Also known asGHSA-287r-574x-f4h4

Published

Feb 1, 2022

Updated

Jul 15, 2026

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

1 known

Exploitation data as of Oct 7, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

2.3%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs83th percentile — riskier than 83% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

CVE-2021-45416 by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). Outside the shaded patch-first corner.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 385,386 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Counts from FIRST.org, log-scaled.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

🐘francoisjacquet/rosariosis

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Packagist packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Reflected Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in RosarioSIS 8.2.1 allows attackers to inject arbitrary HTML via the search_term parameter in the modules/Scheduling/Courses.php script.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
🐘Packagist	`francoisjacquet/rosariosis`	all versions	8.3`composer require francoisjacquet/rosariosis:^8.3`

Affected Products

1 product · 1 configurations

Application

rosariosisrosariosis

1 version

8.2.1

Exploits & PoCs

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

Reflected Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in RosarioSIS 8.2.1 a…

github.comNVDFeb 2022

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for francoisjacquet/rosariosis, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update francoisjacquet/rosariosis to 8.3 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2021-45416 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Escape or sanitise the affected output on the server side rather than relying on client-side filtering, and add a Content-Security-Policy that blocks inline script execution so injected markup cannot run even if it reaches the page.

Frequently Asked Questions

Reflected Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in RosarioSIS 8.2.1 allows attackers to inject arbitrary HTML via the search_term parameter in the modules/Scheduling/Courses.php script.

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2021-45416 in your dependencies?

Find it across Packagist, including transitive dependencies.

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CVSS Score

6.1/10CVSS v3 base

Vector breakdown

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

Required

Scope

Changed

Confidentiality

Low

Integrity

Low

Availability

None

Raw vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

CWE Classification

CWE-79Cross-site Scripting (XSS)

Weaponization

No known public exploit tooling found.

Timeline

Disclosed

Feb 1, 2022

First exploit

Feb 4, 2022

3 days after disclosure — rapid exploitation

Last updated

Jul 15, 2026

Identifiers

CVE-2021-45416

GHSA-287r-574x-f4h4

References

Advisorynvd.nist.gov Fixgithub.com Webgitlab.com Webyoutube.com Webrosariosis.com

Related vulnerabilities

This CVE is medium severity; 7 of 8 other CVEs affecting francoisjacquet/rosariosis are rated as high or higher (top: critical).

CVE-2024-3138CVE-2023-2665CVE-2023-29918CVE-2023-2202CVE-2023-0994CVE-2022-2714CVE-2022-3072CVE-2022-2067

Provenance

Sources

OSV.devNVDFIRST.org (EPSS)

Last verifiedJul 15, 2026