How severe is CVE-2019-12991?

CVE-2019-12991 has a CVSS score of 8.8/10, rated HIGH. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2019-12991?

Affected package information for CVE-2019-12991 is not yet fully mapped. Check the official advisory links for details.

How do I fix CVE-2019-12991?

No fixed version has been published for CVE-2019-12991 yet. Monitor the advisory for updates, apply mitigations recommended by the vendor, and use O3 Security to track when a fix becomes available in your stack.

Is CVE-2019-12991 actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. There are 6 known exploit references for CVE-2019-12991, including 1 documented proof-of-concept exploit on Exploit-DB and 5 in-the-wild exploitations observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2019-12991?

CVE-2019-12991 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 80.8%, placing it in the 99th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. A score above 50% indicates significantly elevated exploitation risk — immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Is CVE-2019-12991 in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog?

Yes. CVE-2019-12991 (Citrix SD-WAN and NetScaler Command Injection Vulnerability) was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog on 2022-03-25. CISA required all US federal civilian agencies to remediate this vulnerability by 2022-04-15. The required action was: Apply updates per vendor instructions. Being listed in the KEV catalog is the strongest possible confirmation of active exploitation — treat this as a critical priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2019-12991?

CVE-2019-12991 is classified as OS Command Injection (CWE-78). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

Which products and versions are affected by CVE-2019-12991?

CVE-2019-12991 affects citrix netscaler sd-wan; citrix sd-wan. Check the affected-products list on this page against your deployed version to confirm exposure.

When was CVE-2019-12991 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2019-12991 was published on July 16, 2019 and was last updated on November 6, 2025. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

CISA KEV·Added 2022-03-25 — agencies required to remediate by 2022-04-15

CVE-2019-12991

HIGH

Citrix SD-WAN 10.2.x before 10.2.3 and NetScaler SD-WAN 10.0.x before 10.0.8 have Improper Input Validation (issue 5 of 6).

Published

Jul 16, 2019

Updated

Nov 6, 2025

Affected

0 pkgs

Patched

None yet

Exploits

6 known

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

80.8%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Very High Risk99th percentile0.00%

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Description

Citrix SD-WAN 10.2.x before 10.2.3 and NetScaler SD-WAN 10.0.x before 10.0.8 have Improper Input Validation (issue 5 of 6).

Affected Products

2 products · 2 configurations

Application

netscaler sd-wancitrix

≥ 10.0.0 && < 10.0.8

range

Application

sd-wancitrix

≥ 10.2.0 && < 10.2.3

range

Exploits & PoCs

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

EDB-47112webappscgi✓ Verified

Citrix SD-WAN Appliance 10.2.2 - Authentication Bypass / Remote Command Execution

by Chris Lyne · Jul 12, 2019

Exploit-DB Source

Frequently Asked Questions

Citrix SD-WAN 10.2.x before 10.2.3 and NetScaler SD-WAN 10.0.x before 10.0.8 have Improper Input Validation (issue 5 of 6).

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2019-12991 in your stack?

O3 detects CVE-2019-12991 across dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.

Scan my stack How O3 SCA works

CVSS Score

8.8/10

CVSS v3 base score

Vector breakdown

AV:Attack Vector

Network

AC:Attack Complexity

Low

PR:Privileges Required

Low

UI:User Interaction

None

S:Scope

Unchanged

C:Confidentiality

High

I:Integrity

High

A:Availability

High

Raw vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE Classification

CWE-78OS Command Injection

Weaponization

No known public exploit tooling found.

Timeline

First exploit

Jul 12, 2019

Disclosed

Jul 16, 2019

KEV added

Mar 25, 2022

Last updated

Nov 6, 2025

Identifiers

CVE-2019-12991

References

Advisorysecurityfocus.com Advisorysupport.citrix.com Advisorysecurityfocus.com Advisorysupport.citrix.com Exploit / PoCpacketstormsecurity.com Exploit / PoCtenable.com Exploit / PoCpacketstormsecurity.com Exploit / PoCtenable.com Webcisa.gov

Data from OSV.dev, enriched by O3 Security. Refreshed hourly.