How severe is CVE-2019-0233?

CVE-2019-0233 has a CVSS score of 7.5/10, rated HIGH. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2019-0233?

CVE-2019-0233 affects the following packages: org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven). Ecosystems affected: Maven.

How do I fix CVE-2019-0233?

Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to 2.5.22 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2019-0233 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2019-0233 in my Maven dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.struts:struts2-core, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2019-0233 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Cap what an attacker can consume: apply request size, rate and timeout limits in front of the affected component, and run it with memory and CPU limits so exhaustion degrades one worker rather than the whole service.

Is CVE-2019-0233 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2019-0233 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2019-0233?

CVE-2019-0233 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 66.1%, placing it in the 99th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. A score above 50% indicates significantly elevated exploitation risk — immediate patching is strongly recommended.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2019-0233?

CVE-2019-0233 is classified as CWE-281 (CWE-281). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

When was CVE-2019-0233 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2019-0233 was published on September 14, 2020 and was last updated on October 24, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

☕

☕ Maven

Not in CISA KEV

HIGH severity

CVE-2019-0233 — struts2-core

HIGH

CVE-2019-0233 is a high-severity (CVSS 7.5) CWE-281 vulnerability in org.apache.struts:struts2-core. EPSS puts its 30-day exploitation probability at 66.1% (99th percentile). A fix is available for org.apache.struts:struts2-core — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Improper Preservation of Permissions in Apache Struts

Also known asGHSA-ccp5-gg58-pxfm

Published

Sep 14, 2020

Updated

Oct 24, 2026

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Nov 7, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

66.1%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

High Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs99th percentile — riskier than 99% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

☕org.apache.struts:struts2-core

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

An access permission override in Apache Struts 2.0.0 to 2.5.20 may cause a Denial of Service when performing a file upload.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
☕Maven	`org.apache.struts:struts2-core`	≥ 2.0.0&&< 2.5.22	2.5.22`org.apache.struts:struts2-core:2.5.22`

Affected Products

5 products · 6 configurations

Application

strutsapache

≥ 2.0.0 && ≤ 2.5.20

range

Application

communications policy managementoracle

1 version

12.5.0

Application

financial services data integration huboracle

2 versions

8.0.38.0.6

Application

financial services market risk measurement and managementoracle

1 version

8.0.6

Application

mysql enterprise monitororacle

≤ 8.0.23

range

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.struts:struts2-core, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to 2.5.22 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2019-0233 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Cap what an attacker can consume: apply request size, rate and timeout limits in front of the affected component, and run it with memory and CPU limits so exhaustion degrades one worker rather than the whole service.

Frequently Asked Questions

An access permission override in Apache Struts 2.0.0 to 2.5.20 may cause a Denial of Service when performing a file upload.

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2019-0233 in your dependencies?

Find it across Maven, including transitive dependencies.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works

CVSS Score

7.5/10CVSS v3 base

Vector breakdown

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

None

Availability

High

Raw vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CWE Classification

CWE-281CWE-281

Weaponization

No Nuclei template, Metasploit module or public proof-of-concept found.

Timeline

Disclosed

Sep 14, 2020

Last updated

Oct 24, 2026

Identifiers

CVE-2019-0233

GHSA-ccp5-gg58-pxfm

References

Advisorycwiki.apache.org · s2 060 Advisorynvd.nist.gov · CVE 2019 0233 Fixoracle.com · cpuApr2021 Fixoracle.com · cpujan2021 Fixoracle.com · cpuoct2021 Reportlaunchpad.support.sap.com

Related vulnerabilities

This CVE is high severity; 7 of 8 other CVEs affecting struts2-core are rated as high or higher (top: critical).

CVE-2025-68493CVE-2025-66675CVE-2025-64775CVE-2024-53677CVE-2023-50164CVE-2023-41835CVE-2023-34396CVE-2023-34149

Provenance

Sources

OSV.devNVDFIRST.org (EPSS)

Last verifiedOct 24, 2026

CVE-2019-0233 — struts2-core

EPSS Exploitation Probability

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

Description

Affected Packages

Affected Products

Detection & mitigation playbook

Detect

Fix

Workarounds

Frequently Asked Questions

Is CVE-2019-0233 in your dependencies?