How severe is CVE-2012-0392?

No CVSS score has been assigned to CVE-2012-0392 yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2012-0392?

CVE-2012-0392 affects the following packages: org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven), org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core (Maven). Ecosystems affected: Maven.

How do I fix CVE-2012-0392?

Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to 2.2.3.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2012-0392 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2012-0392 in my Maven dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.struts:struts2-core, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2012-0392 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

Is CVE-2012-0392 actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. There are 3 known exploit references for CVE-2012-0392, including 1 documented proof-of-concept exploit on Exploit-DB and 2 in-the-wild exploitations observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2012-0392?

CVE-2012-0392 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 97.5%, placing it in the 100th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. A score above 50% indicates significantly elevated exploitation risk — immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Is there exploit tooling available for CVE-2012-0392?

A Nuclei detection template exists for CVE-2012-0392, meaning automated scanners can fingerprint it. Public exploit tooling significantly increases real-world risk — prioritize patching and ensure detection coverage. Exploit tooling should only ever be used in isolated, authorized testing environments.

When was CVE-2012-0392 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2012-0392 was published on May 4, 2022 and was last updated on December 5, 2024. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

☕ Maven

Not in CISA KEV

CVE-2012-0392 — struts2-core

Fix: apache/struts@25e5006

CVE-2012-0392 is a remote code execution vulnerability in org.apache.struts:struts2-core. 3 public exploit references exist, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for org.apache.struts:struts2-core — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Apache Struts's CookieInterceptor component does not use the parameter-name whitelist

Published

May 4, 2022

Updated

Dec 5, 2024

Affected

2 pkgs

Patched

2 / 2

Exploits

3 known

Exploitation data as of Oct 24, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

97.5%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Very High Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs100th percentile — riskier than 100% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected

☕org.apache.struts:struts2-core☕org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

The CookieInterceptor component in Apache Struts before 2.3.1.1 does not use the parameter-name whitelist, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted HTTP Cookie header that triggers Java code execution through a static method.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
☕Maven	`org.apache.struts:struts2-core`	all versions	2.2.3.1`org.apache.struts:struts2-core:2.2.3.1`
☕Maven	`org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core`	all versions	2.2.3.1`org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core:2.2.3.1`

Affected Products

1 product · 1 configurations

Application

strutsapache

≥ 2.0.0 && < 2.3.1

range

Exploits & PoCs

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

EDB-18329webappsmultiple✓ Verified

Apache Struts 2 < 2.3.1 - Multiple Vulnerabilities

by SEC Consult · Jan 6, 2012

Exploit-DB Source

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.struts:struts2-core, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to 2.2.3.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2012-0392 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

How to detect CVE-2012-0392

A community-maintained Nuclei template exists for this CVE. You can scan for it directly:

nuclei -id cve-2012-0392 -u https://target

Template: Apache Struts2 S2-008 RCE
Severity: medium
Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to remote code execution on the affected server.
Remediation: Developers should immediately upgrade to at least Struts 2.3.18.

Template by ProjectDiscovery nuclei-templates (pikpikcu), MIT licensed. View the full template. Scan only systems you are authorised to test.

Frequently Asked Questions

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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