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GHSA-66ff-xgx4-vchm

GHSA-66ff-xgx4-vchm is a security vulnerability in protobufjs. O3 Security confirms whether GHSA-66ff-xgx4-vchm is actually reachable in your code before you act, and blocks exploitation at runtime until you patch.

protobuf.js: Code injection through bytes field defaults in generated toObject code

Also known asCVE-2026-44293
Published
May 12, 2026
Updated
May 13, 2026
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of May 13, 2026 · OSV.dev, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, a proxy for how much of the ecosystem is exposed.

protobufjsnpm
75.4Mdownloads / week

Description

Summary

protobufjs generated JavaScript for toObject conversion could include an unsafe expression derived from a schema-controlled bytes field default value. A crafted descriptor with a non-string default value for a bytes field could cause attacker-controlled code to be emitted into the generated conversion function.

Impact

An attacker who can provide or influence a protobuf descriptor may be able to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the process using protobufjs.

This requires the application to load an attacker-controlled schema or descriptor and then convert a message of the affected type with defaults enabled. Applications that only use trusted, application-defined schemas are not directly affected by this issue.

Preconditions

  • The application must allow an attacker to control or influence a protobuf JSON descriptor or equivalent reflected schema.
  • The descriptor must define a bytes field with an attacker-controlled default value.
  • The application must call toObject with defaults enabled for the affected type.

Workarounds

Do not load protobuf schemas or JSON descriptors from untrusted sources with affected versions. If untrusted schemas must be accepted, validate or restrict field options before loading them and run schema processing in an isolated environment.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmprotobufjsall versions7.5.6
📦npmprotobufjs8.0.0&&< 8.0.28.0.2

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for protobufjs. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update protobufjs to 7.5.6 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-66ff-xgx4-vchm is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-66ff-xgx4-vchm is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-66ff-xgx4-vchm. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

## Summary protobufjs generated JavaScript for `toObject` conversion could include an unsafe expression derived from a schema-controlled `bytes` field default value. A crafted descriptor with a non-string default value for a `bytes` field could cause attacker-controlled code to be emitted into the generated conversion function. ## Impact An attacker who can provide or influence a protobuf descriptor may be able to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the process using protobufjs. This requires the application to load an attacker-controlled schema or descriptor and then convert a
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-66ff-xgx4-vchm in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-66ff-xgx4-vchm across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.