{"id":"CVE-2026-45091","aliases":["GHSA-x3r2-fj3r-g5mv"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2026-45091","summary":"sealed-env: TOTP secret embedded in unseal token payload (enterprise mode)","details":"In sealed-env enterprise mode, versions 0.1.0-alpha.1 through 0.1.0-alpha.3 embedded the operator's literal TOTP secret in the JWS payload of every minted unseal token. JWS payload is base64-encoded JSON, NOT encrypted. Any party who could observe a minted token (CI build logs, container env dumps, kubectl describe pod, Sentry/Rollbar stack traces, log aggregators) could decode the payload and extract the TOTP secret in plaintext.\n\nAn attacker with (a) the master key (e.g. from a separate compromise such as a leaked CI secret) and (b) any single leaked unseal token can use the extracted TOTP secret to mint new valid unseal tokens for any future deploy indefinitely, breaking the second-factor property the library claimed.\n\nPatched in 0.1.0-alpha.4 by replacing the embedded secret with a salt-bound HMAC derivative (`enterprise_epoch = HMAC(totpSecret, salt || \"epoch-v1\")`). The TOTP secret never leaves the operator's machine in the new design. The wire format change is incompatible — files sealed by affected versions must be re-sealed and the TOTP secret rotated. Full migration playbook in CHANGELOG.md.\n\nReported by an external reviewer who decoded the payload of a real minted token and confirmed bit-for-bit equality with the operator's .env.local TOTP secret.","published":"2026-05-12T13:20:21.560Z","modified":"2026-08-12T16:24:34.802814Z","cvss":{"score":9.1,"severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N"},"epss":{"score":0.00326,"percentile":0.25366,"asOf":"2026-08-14"},"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":0,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"io.github.davidalmeidac:sealed-env-core","fixedVersion":"0.1.0-alpha.4"},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"sealed-env","fixedVersion":"0.1.0-alpha.4"}],"fix":null,"references":[{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/45xxx/CVE-2026-45091.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/davidalmeidac/sealed-env/security/advisories/GHSA-x3r2-fj3r-g5mv"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45091"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/davidalmeidac/sealed-env"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-08-12T16:24:34.802814Z"}}