{"id":"CVE-2026-40156","aliases":["GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4","PYSEC-2026-2895"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2026-40156","summary":"PraisonAI Affected by Implicit Execution of Arbitrary Code via Automatic `tools.py` Loading","details":"PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, PraisonAI automatically loads a file named tools.py from the current working directory to discover and register custom agent tools. This loading process uses importlib.util.spec_from_file_location and immediately executes module-level code via spec.loader.exec_module() without explicit user consent, validation, or sandboxing. The tools.py file is loaded implicitly, even when it is not referenced in configuration files or explicitly requested by the user. As a result, merely placing a file named tools.py in the working directory is sufficient to trigger code execution. This behavior violates the expected security boundary between user-controlled project files (e.g., YAML configurations) and executable code, as untrusted content in the working directory is treated as trusted and executed automatically. If an attacker can place a malicious tools.py file into a directory where a user or automated system (e.g., CI/CD pipeline) runs praisonai, arbitrary code execution occurs immediately upon startup, before any agent logic begins.  This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128.","published":"2026-04-10T16:46:15.807Z","modified":"2026-08-07T11:51:01.275476023Z","cvss":{"score":7.8,"severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},"epss":null,"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":0,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"praisonai","fixedVersion":"4.5.128"}],"fix":null,"references":[{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/40xxx/CVE-2026-40156.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40156"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-08-07T11:51:01.275476023Z"}}