{"id":"CVE-2026-33895","aliases":["GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2026-33895","summary":"Forge has signature forgery in Ed25519 due to missing S > L check","details":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to version 1.4.0, Ed25519 signature verification accepts forged non-canonical signatures where the scalar S is not reduced modulo the group order (`S >= L`). A valid signature and its `S + L` variant both verify in forge, while Node.js `crypto.verify` (OpenSSL-backed) rejects the `S + L` variant, as defined by the specification. This class of signature malleability has been exploited in practice to bypass authentication and authorization logic (see CVE-2026-25793, CVE-2022-35961). Applications relying on signature uniqueness (i.e., dedup by signature bytes, replay tracking, signed-object canonicalization checks) may be bypassed. Version 1.4.0 patches the issue.","published":"2026-03-27T20:47:54.492Z","modified":"2026-09-06T03:30:41.685459133Z","cvss":{"score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N"},"epss":null,"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":null,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"node-forge","fixedVersion":"1.4.0"}],"fix":{"url":"https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6dfa96b85","label":"digitalbazaar/forge@bdecf11"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032#section-8.4"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-33895.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13826"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24761"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34342"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:9742"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-33895"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/33xxx/CVE-2026-33895.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33895"},{"type":"REPORT","url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2452457"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6dfa96b85"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-09-06T03:30:41.685459133Z"}}