# CVE-2025-66474: xwiki-rendering RCE — Fixed in 16.10.10 ☕ Maven Not in CISA KEV # CVE-2025-66474 — xwiki-rendering-xml [Fix: xwiki/xwiki-platform@12b780c](https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/12b780ccd5bca5fc8f74f46648d7e02fa04fbc11) CVE-2025-66474 is a CWE-95 vulnerability in org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml. A fix is available for org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml — see the affected versions and patch details below. XWiki vulnerable to remote code execution through insufficient protection against {{/html}} injection Also known as[GHSA-9xc6-c2rm-f27p](/vulnerability/GHSA-9xc6-c2rm-f27p) Published Dec 10, 2025 Updated Oct 28, 2026 Affected 3 pkgs Patched 3 / 3 Exploits None indexed Exploitation data as of Nov 9, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS) ## Exploitation Status ### Proof-of-concept exploit code exists - CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation. - A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access. Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-66474. ## EPSS Exploitation Probability [via FIRST.org ↗](https://www.first.org/epss/) 1.0%probability of exploitation in next 30 days Lower Risk0.00% Lower risk than most CVEs64th percentile — riskier than 64% of all scored CVEsHighest risk 0.18%0.70%1.22%1.74%1.2%1.0%May 26Sep 26Nov 26 Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from [FIRST.org EPSS](https://www.first.org/epss/). ## Real-World Exposure 3 pkgs affected ☕`org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml`☕`org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml`☕`org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml` Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems. ## Description #### Impact Any user who can edit their own user profile or any other document can execute arbitrary script macros including Groovy and Python macros that allow remote code execution including unrestricted read and write access to all wiki contents. The reason is that rendering output is included as content of HTML macros with insufficient escaping, and it is thus possible to close the HTML macro and inject script macros that are executed with programming rights. To demonstrate, the content `{{html}}{{/html {{/html}}}}` can be inserted into any field of the user profile that supports wiki syntax like the "About" field. If this leads to the display of raw HTML, the instance is vulnerable. #### Patches This problem has been patched by extending the escaping introduced by [XRENDERING-693](https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XRENDERING-693) to also cover closing HTML macros that have spaces after the macro name in XWiki 16.10.10, 17.4.3 and 17.6.0RC1. A [similar fix](https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/12b780ccd5bca5fc8f74f46648d7e02fa04fbc11) has been applied in `org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-oldcore` as an extra safety net, see [XWIKI-23378](https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-23378). At this point, we're not aware that this extra safety net would be required for security. The patch also fixes the injection of opening HTML macro syntaxes, e.g., with `{{html}}{{html{{/html}}}}` which disrupts the rendering of the user profile but for which we haven't found any further security impact apart from the disruption of the UI. #### Workarounds We're not aware of any workarounds except for upgrading the affected module to a version with a fix. ## Affected Packages 3 total 3 fixed Ecosystem Package Vulnerable range Fix ☕Maven `org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml` all versions 16.10.10`org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml:16.10.10` ☕Maven `org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml` ≥ 17.0.0-rc-1&&< 17.4.3 17.4.3`org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml:17.4.3` ☕Maven `org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml` ≥ 17.5.0-rc-1&&< 17.6.0-rc-1 17.6.0-rc-1`org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml:17.6.0-rc-1` ## Affected Products 1 product · 4 configurations Application `xwiki-rendering`xwiki ≥ 17.0.0 && < 17.4.3 1 version 17.5.0 ## Detection & mitigation playbook Open-source dependency 1. ### Detect Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version. 2. ### Fix Update org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml to 16.10.10 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-66474 is resolved across your whole dependency graph. 3. ### Workarounds Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does. ## Frequently Asked Questions \### Impact Any user who can edit their own user profile or any other document can execute arbitrary script macros including Groovy and Python macros that allow remote code execution including unrestricted read and write access to all wiki contents. The reason is that rendering output is included as content of HTML macros with insufficient escaping, and it is thus possible to close the HTML macro and inject script macros that are executed with programming rights. To demonstrate, the content \`{{html}}{{/html {{/html}}}}\` can be inserted into any field of the user profile that supports wiki synta O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA ### Is CVE-2025-66474 in your dependencies? Find it across Maven, including transitive dependencies. [Scan my dependencies](/book-demo) [How O3 SCA works](/impact-aware-sca)