{"id":"CVE-2025-65108","aliases":["GHSA-547r-qmjm-8hvw"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2025-65108","summary":"md-to-pdf is vulnerable to arbitrary JavaScript code execution when parsing front matter","details":"### Summary\nA Markdown front-matter block that contains JavaScript delimiter causes the JS engine in gray-matter library to execute arbitrary code in the Markdown to PDF converter process of **md-to-pdf** library, resulting in remote code execution.\n\n### Details\n**md-to-pdf** uses the gray-matter library to parse front-matter. Gray-matter exposes a JavaScript engine that, when enabled or triggered by certain front-matter delimiters (e.g. ---js or ---javascript), will evaluate the front-matter contents as JavaScript. If user-supplied Markdown is fed to md-to-pdf and the front-matter contains malicious JS, the converter process will execute that code.\n\n\n### PoC\n```\nconst { mdToPdf } = require('md-to-pdf');\n\nvar payload = '---javascript\\n((require(\"child_process\")).execSync(\"calc.exe\"))\\n---RCE';\n\n(async () => {\n\tawait mdToPdf({ content: payload }, { dest: './output.pdf'});\n})();\n```\nRunning the PoC on Windows launches the calculator application, demonstrating arbitrary code execution.\n\n### Impact\n\n- Remote code execution in the process that performs Markdown->PDF conversion.\n- If the converter is run in a web app or cloud service, an attacker uploading malicious Markdown can execute arbitrary commands on the","published":"2025-11-21T21:52:02.729Z","modified":"2026-08-12T03:51:27.721254809Z","cvss":{"score":10,"severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"},"epss":{"score":0.00926,"percentile":0.57748,"asOf":"2026-08-24"},"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":0,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"md-to-pdf","fixedVersion":"5.2.5"}],"fix":{"url":"https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf/commit/46bdcf2051c8d1758b391c1353185a179a47a4d9","label":"simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf@46bdcf2"},"references":[{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/65xxx/CVE-2025-65108.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf/security/advisories/GHSA-547r-qmjm-8hvw"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65108"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf/commit/46bdcf2051c8d1758b391c1353185a179a47a4d9"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-08-12T03:51:27.721254809Z"}}