How severe is CVE-2025-61588?

No CVSS score has been assigned to CVE-2025-61588 yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2025-61588?

CVE-2025-61588 affects the following packages: risc0-zkvm-platform (crates.io), risc0-zkos-v1compat (crates.io), risc0-aggregation (crates.io), risc0-zkvm (crates.io), risc0-zkvm (crates.io). Ecosystems affected: crates.io.

How do I fix CVE-2025-61588?

Update risc0-zkvm-platform to 2.1.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-61588 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2025-61588 in my crates.io dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for risc0-zkvm-platform, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2025-61588 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

How does O3 Security protect against CVE-2025-61588?

O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2025-61588 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Is CVE-2025-61588 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2025-61588 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2025-61588?

CVE-2025-61588 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 0.5%, placing it in the 39th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2025-61588?

CVE-2025-61588 is classified as Code Injection (CWE-94). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

When was CVE-2025-61588 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2025-61588 was published on October 1, 2025 and was last updated on August 12, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

CVE-2025-61588: risc0-zkvm-platform RCE

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-61588.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

0.5%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs39th percentile — riskier than 39% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Real-World Exposure

5 pkgs affected

🦀risc0-zkvm-platform🦀risc0-zkos-v1compat🦀risc0-aggregation🦀risc0-zkvm🦀risc0-zkvm

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects crates.io packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

RISC Zero is a zero-knowledge verifiable general computing platform based on zk-STARKs and the RISC-V microarchitecture. In versions 2.0.2 and below of risc0-zkvm-platform, when the zkVM guest calls sys_read, the host is able to use a crafted response to write to an arbitrary memory location in the guest. This capability can be leveraged to execute arbitrary code within the guest. As sys_read is the mechanism by which input is requested by the guest, all guest programs built with the affected versions are vulnerable. This critically compromises the soundness guarantees of the guest program. Other affected packages include risc0-aggregation versions below 0.9, risc0-zkos-v1compat below 2.1.0, risc0-zkvm versions between 3.0.0-rc.1 and 3.0.1. This issue has been fixed in the following versions: risc0-zkvm-platform 2.1.0, risc0-zkos-v1compat 2.1.0, risc0-aggregation 0.9, and risc0-zkvm 2.3.2 and 3.0.3.

Affected Packages

5 total 5 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
🦀crates.io	`risc0-zkvm-platform`	all versions	2.1.0`cargo update -p risc0-zkvm-platform --precise 2.1.0`
🦀crates.io	`risc0-zkos-v1compat`	all versions	2.1.0`cargo update -p risc0-zkos-v1compat --precise 2.1.0`
🦀crates.io	`risc0-aggregation`	all versions	0.9`cargo update -p risc0-aggregation --precise 0.9`
🦀crates.io	`risc0-zkvm`	all versions	2.3.2`cargo update -p risc0-zkvm --precise 2.3.2`
🦀crates.io	`risc0-zkvm`	≥ 3.0.0&&< 3.0.3	3.0.3`cargo update -p risc0-zkvm --precise 3.0.3`

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for risc0-zkvm-platform, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update risc0-zkvm-platform to 2.1.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-61588 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2025-61588 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to CVE-2025-61588. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

RISC Zero is a zero-knowledge verifiable general computing platform based on zk-STARKs and the RISC-V microarchitecture. In versions 2.0.2 and below of risc0-zkvm-platform, when the zkVM guest calls sys_read, the host is able to use a crafted response to write to an arbitrary memory location in the guest. This capability can be leveraged to execute arbitrary code within the guest. As sys_read is the mechanism by which input is requested by the guest, all guest programs built with the affected versions are vulnerable. This critically compromises the soundness guarantees of the guest program. Ot

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2025-61588 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds CVE-2025-61588 across crates.io dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works

CVE-2025-61588 — risc0-zkvm-platform