{"id":"CVE-2025-31651","aliases":["BIT-tomcat-2025-31651","GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2025-31651","summary":"Apache Tomcat: Bypass of rules in Rewrite Valve","details":"Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those constraints could be bypassed.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 9.0.104, 10.1.40 or 11.0.6, which fix the issue.","published":"2025-04-28T19:17:21.721Z","modified":"2026-08-12T03:51:08.634383941Z","cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},"epss":{"score":0.04047,"percentile":0.89827,"asOf":"2026-08-20"},"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":0,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","fixedVersion":"9.0.104"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","fixedVersion":"10.1.40"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","fixedVersion":"11.0.6"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","fixedVersion":"9.0.104"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","fixedVersion":"10.1.40"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","fixedVersion":"11.0.6"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","fixedVersion":null},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","fixedVersion":null}],"fix":{"url":"https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/066bf6b6a15a4e7e0941d4acf096841165b97098","label":"apache/tomcat@066bf6b"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/28/3"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/31xxx/CVE-2025-31651.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31651"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/066bf6b6a15a4e7e0941d4acf096841165b97098"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/175dc75fc428930034a6c93fb52f830d955d8e64"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/ee3ab548e92345eca0cbd1f01649eb36c6f29454"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/fbecc915a10c5a3d634c5e2c6ced4ff479ce9953"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/apache/tomcat"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://tomcat.apache.org/security-11.html"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://tomcat.apache.org/security-9.html"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-08-12T03:51:08.634383941Z"}}