{"id":"CVE-2025-25291","aliases":["BIT-gitlab-2025-25291","GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2025-25291","summary":"ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)","details":"ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.","published":"2025-03-12T20:16:12.181Z","modified":"2026-08-27T03:30:33.639968927Z","cvss":null,"epss":null,"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":0,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","name":"ruby-saml","fixedVersion":"1.12.4"},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","name":"ruby-saml","fixedVersion":"1.18.0"}],"fix":{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9","label":"SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml@e76c5b3"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/25xxx/CVE-2025-25291.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25291"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97"},{"type":"ARTICLE","url":"https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-08-27T03:30:33.639968927Z"}}