{"id":"CVE-2025-24015","aliases":["GHSA-2x3r-hwv5-p32x"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2025-24015","summary":"Deno's AES GCM authentication tags are not verified","details":"### Summary\n\nThis affects AES-256-GCM and AES-128-GCM in Deno, introduced by commit [0d1beed](https://github.com/denoland/deno/commit/0d1beed). Specifically, the authentication tag is not being validated. This means tampered ciphertexts or incorrect keys might not be detected, which breaks the guarantees expected from AES-GCM. Older versions of Deno correctly threw errors in such cases, as does Node.js.\n\nWithout authentication tag verification, AES-GCM degrades to essentially CTR mode, removing integrity protection. Authenticated data set with set_aad is also affected, as it is incorporated into the GCM hash (ghash) but this too is not validated, rendering AAD checks ineffective.\n\n### PoC\n\n```ts\nimport { Buffer } from \"node:buffer\";\nimport {\n  createCipheriv,\n  createDecipheriv,\n  randomBytes,\n  scrypt,\n} from \"node:crypto\";\n\ntype Encrypted = {\n  salt: string;\n  iv: string;\n  enc: string;\n  authTag: string;\n};\n\nconst deriveKey = (key: string, salt: Buffer) =>\n  new Promise<Buffer>((res, rej) =>\n    scrypt(key, salt, 32, (err, k) => {\n      if (err) rej(err);\n      else res(k);\n    })\n  );\n\nasync function encrypt(text: string, key: string): Promise<Encrypted> {\n  const salt = randomBytes(32);\n  const k = await deriveKey(key, salt);\n\n  const iv = randomBytes(16);\n  const enc = createCipheriv(\"aes-256-gcm\", k, iv);\n  const ciphertext = enc.update(text, \"binary\", \"binary\") + enc.final(\"binary\");\n\n  return {\n    salt: salt.toString(\"binary\"),\n    iv: iv.toString(\"binary\"),\n    enc: ciphertext,\n    authTag: enc.getAuthTag().toString(\"binary\"),\n  };\n}\n\nasync function decrypt(enc: Encrypted, key: string) {\n  const k = await deriveKey(key, Buffer.from(enc.salt, \"binary\"));\n  const dec = createDecipheriv(\"aes-256-gcm\", k, Buffer.from(enc.iv, \"binary\"));\n\n  const out = dec.update(enc.enc, \"binary\", \"binary\");\n  dec.setAuthTag(Buffer.from(enc.authTag, \"binary\"));\n  return out + dec.final(\"binary\");\n}\n\nconst test = await encrypt(\"abcdefghi\", \"key\");\ntest.enc = \"\";\nconsole.log(await decrypt(test, \"\")); // no error\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nWhile discovered through experimentation, authentication failures that should raise errors may be silently ignored.","published":"2025-06-03T22:48:52.906Z","modified":"2026-08-12T03:51:16.560829097Z","cvss":null,"epss":null,"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":0,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"crates.io","name":"deno","fixedVersion":"2.1.7"},{"ecosystem":"crates.io","name":"deno_node","fixedVersion":"0.125.0"}],"fix":{"url":"https://github.com/denoland/deno/commit/0d1beed","label":"denoland/deno@0d1beed"},"references":[{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/24xxx/CVE-2025-24015.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/denoland/deno/security/advisories/GHSA-2x3r-hwv5-p32x"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24015"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/denoland/deno/commit/0d1beed"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/denoland/deno/commit/4f27d7cdc02e3edfb9d36275341fb8185d6e99ed"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/denoland/deno/commit/a4003a5292bd0affefad3ecb24a8732886900f67"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/denoland/deno/commit/0d1beed2e3633d71d5e288e0382b85be361ec13d"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/denoland/deno"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-08-12T03:51:16.560829097Z"}}