{"id":"CVE-2024-28123","aliases":["GHSA-75jp-vq8x-h4cq"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2024-28123","summary":"Wasmi Out-of-bounds Write for host to Wasm calls with more than 128 Parameters","details":"### Summary\n\nIn the WASMI Interpreter, an [Out-of-bounds Buffer Write](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/787.html) will arise arise if the host calls or resumes a Wasm function with more parameters than the default limit (128), as it will surpass the stack value. This doesn’t affect calls from Wasm to Wasm, only from host to Wasm.\n\n### Impact\n\nAfter conducting an analysis of the dependent Polkadot systems of `wasmi`: [Pallet Contracts](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/tree/master/substrate/frame/contracts), [Parity Signer](https://github.com/paritytech/parity-signer), and [Smoldot](https://github.com/smol-dot/smoldot), we have found that none on those systems have been affected by the issue as they are calling host to Wasm function with a small limited amount of parameters always. \n\n### Mitigations\n\nIf you are using `wasmi` betwen version 0.15.0 and 0.31.0, please update it to the [0.31.1](https://github.com/paritytech/wasmi/releases/tag/v0.31.1) patch release that we just published.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nEnsure no more than 128 parameters can be pass in a call from the host to a Wasm function. \n\n### References\n\nPatch PR: <PR>\n\n### Special thanks\n\nSpecial thanks to Stellar Development Foundation for reporting this security vulnerability.","published":"2024-03-08T21:29:53.555Z","modified":"2026-08-12T03:51:21.993878635Z","cvss":{"score":7.3,"severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L"},"epss":{"score":0.00798,"percentile":0.53369,"asOf":"2026-08-23"},"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":0,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"crates.io","name":"wasmi","fixedVersion":"0.31.1"}],"fix":{"url":"https://github.com/wasmi-labs/wasmi/commit/f7b3200e9f3dc9e2cbca966cb255c228453c792f","label":"wasmi-labs/wasmi@f7b3200"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/wasmi-labs/wasmi/releases/tag/v0.31.1"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2024/28xxx/CVE-2024-28123.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/wasmi-labs/wasmi/security/advisories/GHSA-75jp-vq8x-h4cq"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28123"},{"type":"FIX","url":"https://github.com/wasmi-labs/wasmi/commit/f7b3200e9f3dc9e2cbca966cb255c228453c792f"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/wasmi-labs/wasmi"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-08-12T03:51:21.993878635Z"}}