{"id":"CVE-2023-41329","aliases":["BIT-wiremock-2023-41329","GHSA-pmxq-pj47-j8j4","PYSEC-2026-2050"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2023-41329","summary":"Domain restrictions bypass via DNS Rebinding in WireMock and WireMock Studio","details":"### Impact\n\nThe proxy mode of WireMock, can be protected by the network restrictions configuration, as documented in [Preventing proxying to and recording from specific target addresses](https://wiremock.org/docs/configuration/#preventing-proxying-to-and-recording-from-specific-target-addresses). These restrictions can be configured using the domain names, and in such a case the configuration is vulnerable to the DNS rebinding attacks. A similar patch was applied in WireMock 3.0.0-beta-15 for the WireMock Webhook Extensions.\n\nThe root cause of the attack is a defect in the logic which allows for a race condition triggered by a DNS server whose address expires in between the initial validation and the outbound network request that might go to a domain that was supposed to be prohibited. Control over a DNS service is required to exploit this attack, so it has high execution complexity and limited impact.\n\n### Affected versions\n\n- WireMock 3,x until 3.0.3 (security patch), on default settings in environments with access to the network\n- WireMock 2.x until 2.35.1 (security patch), on default settings in environments with access to the network\n- Python WireMock until 2.6.1\n- WireMock Studio - all versions, this proprietary product was discontinued in 2022\n\n\n### Patches\n\n- WireMock 3.0.3 + the 3.0.3-1 Docker image\n- WireMock 2.35.1 + the 2.35.1-1 Docker image - backport to WireMock 2.x\n- Python WireMock 2.6.1\n\n### Workarounds\n\nFor WireMock:\n\n- Option 1: Configure WireMock to use IP addresses instead of the domain names in the outbound URLs subject to DNS rebinding\n- Option 2: Use external firewall rules to define the list of permitted destinations\n\nFor WireMock Studio: N/A. Switch to another distribution, there will be no fix provided. The vendor of former WireMock Studio recommends migration to [WireMock Cloud](https://www.wiremock.io/product)\n\n### References\n\n- CVE-2023-41327 - Related issue in the WireMock Webhooks Extension\n","published":"2023-09-06T20:34:46.867Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:11.975346220Z","cvss":{"score":3.9,"severity":"LOW","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L"},"epss":{"score":0.00629,"percentile":0.48573,"asOf":"2026-09-17"},"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":0,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.wiremock:wiremock-standalone","fixedVersion":"3.0.3"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.wiremock:wiremock","fixedVersion":"3.0.3"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"com.github.tomakehurst:wiremock-jre8","fixedVersion":"2.35.1"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"com.github.tomakehurst:wiremock-jre8-standalone","fixedVersion":"2.35.1"},{"ecosystem":"PyPI","name":"wiremock","fixedVersion":"2.6.1"}],"fix":null,"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://wiremock.org/docs/configuration/#preventing-proxying-to-and-recording-from-specific-target-addresses"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/41xxx/CVE-2023-41329.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/wiremock/wiremock/security/advisories/GHSA-pmxq-pj47-j8j4"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41329"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/wiremock/wiremock"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-10-28T02:31:11.975346220Z"}}