{"id":"CVE-2023-25656","aliases":["GHSA-87x9-7grx-m28v","GO-2023-1589"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2023-25656","summary":"notation-go has excessive memory allocation on verification","details":"### Impact\n\n`notation-go` users will find their application using excessive memory when verifying signatures and the application will be finally killed, and thus availability is impacted.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem has been patched in the release [v1.0.0-rc.3](https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/releases/tag/v1.0.0-rc.3). Users should upgrade their `notation-go` packages to `v1.0.0-rc.3` or above.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUsers can review their own trust policy file and check if the identity string contains `=#`. Meanwhile, users should only put trusted certificates in their trust stores referenced by their own trust policy files, and make sure the `authenticity` validation is set to `enforce`\n\n### Credits\n\nThe `notation-go` project would like to thank Adam Korczynski (@AdamKorcz) for responsibly disclosing this issue during a security fuzzing audit sponsored by CNCF and Shiwei Zhang (@shizhMSFT) for root cause analysis and detailed vulnerability report.\n\n### References\n\n- [Resource exhaustion attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_exhaustion_attack)\n","published":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:50.173755914Z","cvss":{"score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"},"epss":null,"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":0,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/notaryproject/notation-go","fixedVersion":"1.0.0-rc.3"}],"fix":{"url":"https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/pull/275","label":"notaryproject/notation-go#275"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/releases/tag/v1.0.0-rc.3"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/25xxx/CVE-2023-25656.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/security/advisories/GHSA-87x9-7grx-m28v"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25656"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go/pull/275"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://github.com/notaryproject/notation-go"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-10-28T02:30:50.173755914Z"}}