{"id":"CVE-2016-4461","aliases":["GHSA-864w-r5qj-h6fj"],"url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2016-4461","summary":"Apache Struts forced double OGNL evaluation","details":"Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a \"%{}\" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation.  NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-0785.","published":"2017-10-16T16:29:00.607Z","modified":"2026-07-08T12:44:03.593686Z","cvss":{"score":8.8,"severity":"HIGH","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"},"epss":null,"cisaKev":null,"exploitsKnown":0,"affectedPackages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","fixedVersion":"2.3.29"}],"fix":null,"references":[{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91277"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180629-0004/"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-036.html"}],"provenance":{"sources":["OSV.dev","FIRST.org (EPSS)"],"lastVerified":"2026-07-08T12:44:03.593686Z"}}